Sunday, 15 June 2008

Antoni Gaudi i Cornet

2003年,我去了Barcelona
那时冬天,游人不算多,落叶满街,让人有种舒服的秋意
在英国待太久,阴冷灰暗的冬天,和西班牙相比,宛如恐怖小说里的抑郁
出太阳的时候,脱到只剩短袖,拼命享受阳光
满街西班牙人穿着厚毛衣,夸张地瞪着,好像本人来自外太空

当我第一次抬头看见圣家堂时,我觉得,天,好大一怪物!我喜欢!
爬到圣家堂顶,太阳照进来,看着整个城市在脚下整齐着,突然觉得自己爬进了童话王国的城堡
明明是教堂,却觉得,应该有无数彩色的活泼可爱精灵,在里面玩

还去了他的房子和他设计的公园
站在大街上他画像旁,和他合影
很喜欢他的怪诞

总之,怪诞得让怪物我,感同身受犹如回归怪物家乡,闯进童话王国

说穿了,也很感激西班牙人
没有异常的豁达,怎么可能成就gaudi
能让他把这些奇异的建筑,统统垒起来,也是伟大

换了别的学院派横倨的地方,这些图纸早被掷进垃圾桶了
在gaudi拿到建筑师资格时,签名的Elies Rogent说,"Qui sap si hem donat el diploma a un boig o a un geni: el temps ens ho dirà" ("Who knows if we have given this diploma to a nut or to a genius. Time will tell.")

是,时间会说话
他不是nut,是个genius!

可惜,这样一个genius,死得未免太可惜
被当乞讨者送去医院
扼腕叹息!



安東尼·高第-克爾內特(Antoni Gaudi i Cornet,1852年6月25日-1926年6月10日),西班牙加泰隆現代主義建築家。
高第出生於雷烏斯 (Reus),世代是坐鍋爐的鐵匠,所以他天生具有良好的空間解構能力與雕塑感覺。 又因小時患有風濕病而不能和其他小朋友一起玩耍,只能敏銳的觀察大自然,使他日後成為師法自然的建築師。
他是五兄弟中的老么,受到父親的鼓勵而到巴塞隆納讀建築系。1878 年瓷磚商麥諾.畢森 (Manuel Vicens) 委托高第設計一棟避暑別莊,叫做文生之家 (Casa Vicens),高第的這棟建築開創了建築史的現代主義。1878年高第也認識了他最重要的贊助者,顯赫的桂爾先生(Guell),桂爾先生驚於高第的天才,從此委托高第設計墓室、殿堂、宅邸、亭台等,使高第能充分自由地表現自我,發揮才華。
高第終生未娶,除了工作,沒有任何別的愛好和需求,神聖家族教堂是他最偉大的作品,他把一生中的43年都貢獻在那裡,1925年還乾脆搬到教堂的工地去住,全心全意研究教堂的結構設計,1926年6月7日的下午,高第完成當天的工作從神聖家族教堂到市中心的教堂做禮拜,被一輛電車撞倒,當時他衣衫破舊,路人以為是流浪漢,把他送到聖十字醫院,三天後去世了,大家才發現流浪漢竟是高第,為他舉行了個很隆重的葬禮,送葬的隊伍從聖十字醫院一直緩緩的延伸到了神聖家族教堂,把他安葬在他未完成的神聖家族教堂地下。。

他的作品包括:
文生之家 CASA VICENS (1883-1888), 被列入世界遺產中
聖家堂 TEMPLE EXPIATORI DE LA SAGRADA FAMILIA (1882- ), 被列入世界遺產中
桂爾別墅 PAVELLONS DE LA FINCA GÜELL (1884-1887)
桂爾宮 PALAU GUELL (1886 - 1889), 被列入世界遺產中
聖德雷沙學院 COL.LEGI DE LES TERESIANES (1888-1889)
卡爾倍特之家 CASA CALVET (1898-1899)
貝列斯誇爾德 TORRE DE BELLESGUARD (1900 - 1909)
桂爾公園 PARC GÜELL (1900-1914), 被列入世界遺產中
米拉勒之門 PORTA DE LA FINCA MIRALLES (1902)
巴特由之家 CASA BATLLÓ (1904-1906), 被列入世界遺產中
米拉之家 CASA MILÀ, LA PEDRERA (1906-1912), 被列入世界遺產中
桂爾紡織村教堂 ESGLÉSIA DE LA COLONIA GÜELL (1908 - 1917), 被列入世界遺產中
聖家堂學校 ESCOLES DE LA SAGRADA FAMILIA (1909)
他的一個建築草稿成為了重建紐約世界貿易中心的概念。

Early career
1878–1879: Lampposts for the Plaça Reial at Barcelona;
1878: Showcase for glove manufacturer Comella. Via this work, used at the World's Fair in Paris, Eusebi Güell came to know the architect.[6]
1878–1882: Several designs for the Obrera Mataronense at Mataró. Only a very small part of these plans was built, but it shows Gaudí's first use of parabolic arches, here in a wooden structure.
1883–1885: Casa Vicens;
1883–1885: Villa "El Capricho" at Comillas (Santander);
1884: Finca Güell: Entrance pavilion and stables for the palace at Pedralbes (first completed building for Eusebi Güell);
1884–1891: Completion of the crypt of the Sagrada Família (the crypt had been started by the architect Francisco del Villar in 1882, who had to abandon the project in 1883);
1885–1889: Palau Güell;
1887–1893: Episcopal palace at Astorga;
1889–1894: Colegio Teresiano;
1891–1893: Outer walls of the absis of the Sagrada Família;
1892–1894: Casa de los Botines at León.

Later years
The Casa Milà, in the Eixample, Barcelona.
Gaudi was an ardent Catholic, to the point that in his later years, he abandoned secular work and devoted his life to Catholicism and his Sagrada Família. He designed it to have 18 towers, 12 for the 12 apostles, 4 for the 4 evangelists, one for Mary and one for Jesus. Soon after, his closest family and friends began to die. His works slowed to a halt, and his attitude changed. One of his closest family members – his niece Rosa Egea – died in 1912, only to be followed by a "faithful collaborator, Francesc Berenguer Mestres" two years later. After these tragedies, Barcelona fell on hard times, economically. The construction of La Sagrada Família slowed; the construction of La Colonia Güell ceased altogether. Four years later, Eusebi Güell, his patron, died.[7]
Perhaps it was because of this unfortunate sequence of events that Gaudi changed. He became reluctant to talk with reporters or have his picture taken and solely concentrated on his masterpiece, La Sagrada Família.[7]
On June 7 [8] 1926 Gaudi was run over by a tram. Because of his ragged attire and empty pockets, many cab drivers refused to pick him up for fear that he would be unable to pay the fare. He was eventually taken to a pauper's hospital in Barcelona. Nobody recognized the injured artist until his friends found him the next day. When they tried to move him into a nicer hospital, Gaudi refused, reportedly saying "I belong here among the poor." He died three days later on June 10, 1926, half of Barcelona mourning his death. He was buried in the midst of La Sagrada Família.[7]
Although Gaudi was constantly changing his mind and recreating his blue prints, the only existing copy of his last recorded blue prints were destroyed by the anarchists in 1938 at the height of Franco's invasion of Barcelona. This has made it very difficult for his workers to complete the cathedral in the same fashion as Gaudí most likely would have wished. It is for this that Gaudí is known to many as "God's Architect". La Sagrada Família is now being completed but differences between his work and the new additions can be seen.
As of 2007, completion of the Sagrada Familía is planned for 2026. However, this may prove wildly optimistic if the worst fears of many eminent engineers and architects are realized[citation needed]. These have pointed out the structural dangers posed by a tunnel for a TGV-style high-speed rail, which would run within feet of the church’s foundations[9][1]; one might note the precedent of one metro tunnel in Barcelona’s Carmel district that collapsed and destroyed an entire city block on the 27th of February 2005. Others of Gaudí's works threatened by the city center route chosen by Barcelona's mayor Jordi Hereu for the new rail line include Casa Batlló and Casa Milà.

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